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Artemisia I of Caria (; (ペルシア語:آرتمیس) fl. 480 BCE) was queen of Halicarnassus,〔Enc. Britannica, "Artemisia I"〕 a city of Dorian Greeks and Carians in the Achaemenid satrapy of Caria and of the nearby island of Kos, in about 480 BCE.〔 She fought as an ally of Xerxes I, King of Persia against the independent Greek city states during the second Persian invasion of Greece.〔(Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.5 ) "Artemisia, queen of Caria, fought as an ally of Xerxes against the Greeks."〕 She personally commanded her contribution of five ships at the naval battle of Artemisium〔(Herodotus Book 8: Urania, 68 ) "...which have been fought near Euboea and have displayed deeds not inferior to those of others, speak to him thus:..."〕 and in the naval Battle of Salamis in 480 BCE. She is mostly known through the writings of Herodotus, himself a native of Halicarnassus, who praises her courage and the respect in which Xerxes held her.〔http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/artemisia/a/20112-Herodotus-Passages-On-Artemisia-Of-Halicarnassus.htm〕〔passages: 7.99, 8.68–69, 8.87–88, 8.93.2, 8.101–103〕 ==Family and name== Artemisia's father was the satrap of Halicarnassus, Lygdamis I ((ギリシア語:Λύγδαμις Α')) 〔http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/10672838/Swords-and-sandals-epics-This-classics-lover-is-all-for-them.html〕〔(Polyaenus: Stratagems- BOOK 8, 53.2 ) "Artemisia, the daughter of Lygdamis,..."〕〔(Artemisia in Herodotus ) "Her name was Artemisia; she was the daughter of Lygdamis, and was of Halicarnassian stock on her father's side..."〕 and her mother was from the island of Crete.〔(Artemisia in Herodotus ) "Her name was Artemisia; she was the daughter of Lygdamis, and was of Halicarnassian stock on her father's side and Cretan on her mother's."〕〔 At the Perseus Project.〕 She took the throne after the death of her husband, as she had a son, named Pisindelis ((ギリシア語: Πισίνδηλις)), who was still a youth.〔(Artemisia in Herodotus ) "She took power on the death of her husband, as she had a son who was still a youth."〕〔 At the Suda On Line Project.〕 Artemisia's grandson, Lygdamis II ((ギリシア語:Λύγδαμις Β')), was the satrap of Halicarnassus when Herodotus was exiled from there and the poet Panyasis ((ギリシア語:Πανυάσις)) was sentenced to death, after the unsuccessful uprising against him. The name Artemisia derives from Artemis (''n'', ''f''.; Roman equivalent: Diana), itself of unknown origin and etymology〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Artemis&allowed_in_frame=0 )〕〔 although various ones have been proposed;〔〔 for example according to Jablonski,〔 the name is also Phrygian and could be "compared with the royal appellation ''Artemas'' of Xenophon; according to Charles Anthon the primitive root of the name is probably of Persian origin from arta *, art *, arte *,.. all meaning great, excellent, holy,.. thus Artemis "becomes identical with the great mother of Nature, even as she was worshipped at Ephesus"; Anton Goebel "suggests the root στρατ or ῥατ, "to shake," and makes Artemis mean the thrower of the dart or the shooter";〔 Plato, in ''Cratylus'', had derived the name of the Goddess from the Greek word , ''artemḗs'', i.e. "safe", "unharmed", "uninjured", "pure", "the stainless maiden";〔〔.〕 Babiniotis while accepting that the etymology is unknown, states that the name is already attested in Mycenean Greek and is possibly of pre-Hellenic origin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Artemisia I of Caria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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